Why can’t I change the axis limits in Bar/Column plots?

Bar and Column plots always treat the X axis as categories, not as numbers. The axis limits that are listed correspond to the row numbers in the data window. To plot a subset of the original data, you would need to make a selection in the data window before creating the plot.

One option would be to plot the data as a Scatter plot and change the Marker Type to Bar in Variable Settings. This would give the appearance of a column chart and allow you to adjust the X axis limits.